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Karunakaran, K. R.
- Barriers to Trade and Their Impact on Production and Export of Red Chilli in India
Authors
1 Department of Agricultural Economics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), Coimbatore – 641 003, IN
2 Department of Agricultural Economics, TNAU, Coimbatore – 641 003, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Economics and Development, Vol 6, No 9 (2018), Pagination: 1-16Abstract
Objectives: Red Chilli is the principal spice exported to different nations from India. Even though the production and export of Red Chilli is on the increasing side, there are certain barriers which actually hinder the trade and hence the study has focused on identifying the Non-Tariff Barriers and its impact on Production and Export of Red Chilli in Tamil Nadu.
Methods/Statistical Analysis: The researcher has chosen Ramanathapuram, Sivagangai and Thoothukkudi Districts as study area among the 32 districts in Tamil Nadu owing to higher area under Chilli cultivation. For the study, 120 sample farms have been chosen following a Three-Stage Random Sampling Technique. Using the time series data, the production and export performance were assessed following a Compound Growth Rate Analysis and Cop-pock’s Instability Index was also used to test the instability if any in the export trade.
Findings: Remarkable achievement in productivity of Chilli is visible only during the period of 2016-17. It might be due to the practice of adoption of precision technologies at field. The steady growth in productivity is visible from 2005-06 because of the intervention of National Horticulture Mission focusing area expansion and productivity enhancement. One of the foremost restrictions in the Consignment of Red Chilli is prevention of Pesticide Residues and the Aflatoxin toxicity. The standards set by the various importing countries for different forms of the Chilli produce varies from country to country. In this context, different export norms have to be followed by the exporters. Another issue is, the export of Red Chilli has faced some instability. The export of Chilli found to be on the higher value in terms of both Indian Rupees and US dollars during pre-globalization period and however it could be found decreasing during the post globalization era. Post Globalization period has faced decreasing trend in the export of Chilli Spice when compared to the Pre-implementation of globalization.
Applications: Findings of the study will be a guiding force to the exporters of Red Chilli in learning the regulations in vogue, product standards prescribed by different nations for follow up. Strict adherence of regulations, and the export trade has grown. Considering the performance of trade, National Horticulture Mission is taking effort to establish Spice Parks on need basis to boost the production and export to facilitate supply.
Keywords
Trade Barriers, Export of Spices, Export of Chilli, Export Instability, Export Regulations, Trade Performance.References
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- Traceability systems and its impact on the farming community of Southern Tamil Nadu
Authors
1 Department of Agricultural Economics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore (T.N.), IN
Source
International Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Vol 15, No 1 (2019), Pagination: 1-14Abstract
The international organization for standardization has defined the traceability as the ability to follow the movement of food or feed through the specified stages of production, processing and distribution.Chilli is one of the principal spice exported to several countries during the pre and post-globalization era. Pesticide residues and presence of Aflatoxins in the samples of chilli cautioned the import destinations to choose the concept of traceability. Traceability addresses the hygienic production, processing and value addition practices stage by stage and framed certain minimum standards for export of chilli. Following the standards, how the traceability is addressed from farm to fork is discussed in detail and at the same time the socio-economic impact of traceability is also addressed for redefining the trade.Keywords
Traceability, Traceability Systems, Value Chain, Socio-Economic Impact of Farming Community.References
- Banerjee, Rini and Menon, Hema (2015). Traceability in food and agricultural products. International Trade Centre: Geneva Bullettin Number, 91: 1-38.
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- Mugadza, K.G. (2014). An assessment of the current state of traceability of South African retailers in the fresh vegetable supply chain. (An unpublished Dissertation Submitted for the Award of M.S. Engineering to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Witwatersrand: Johannesburg) 01-121pp.
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- Inventory and Situation Analysis of Land Resources for Sustainable Agriculture in Tamil Nadu
Authors
1 Centre for Agricultural and Rural Development Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore (T.N.), IN
2 Department of Agricultural Economics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore (T.N.), IN
3 Forest College and Research Institute (T.N.A.U.), Mettuppalyam (T.N.), IN
Source
International Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Vol 15, No 1 (2019), Pagination: 48-55Abstract
Rapid land use change has taken place in Tamil Nadu over the past three to four decades due to accelerated cultivation, industrialization and urbanization. Growth of population influenced increased food requirements. In order to meet the basic requirements, the Government has planned to increase the irrigation facilities and the agricultural inputs, (High yielding varieties (HYV), seeds, agricultural implements etc.) to the farmers and also implement the interventional schemes and incentives to enhance farmer’s income. Land use change may be examined by considering conversion of forest to crop and rangeland; losses of productive land through various factors; conversion of wetlands to agriculture and urban use: and conversion of other types of land to various human uses. The key to meet the present day challenges lies in the integrated management of the natural resources. Therefore, the knowledge of soil and land resources with respect to their spatial distribution, characteristics, potentials, limitations and their suitability for alternate land uses helps in formulating strategies to obtain higher productivity on sustained basis. With these views in mind an attempt has been made to study the spatial and temporal changes in the land use in Tamil Nadu.Keywords
Land Use Pattern, Land Resources Inventory, Size-Holding, Land Degradation.References
- Bardhan, D. and Tewari, S.K. (2010). An investigation into land use dynamics in India and land under – utilisation, Indian J. Agric. Econ., 65 (4) : 658 – 676.
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- Mirkatouli, J., Hosseini, A. and Neshat, A. (2015). Analysis of land use and land cover spatial pattern based on markov chains modelling. city, Territory & Architecture, 2(4): 1-9.
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